Khami Ruins
Khami Ruins (also spelled Khame or Kame) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located 22 kilometers west of Bulawayo. As the second largest stone-built monument in Zimbabwe after Great Zimbabwe, Khami was the capital of the Torwa Kingdom and represents an important phase in Zimbabwean history (1450-1683 AD).
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UNESCO World Heritage Site - Inscribed in 1986 for its outstanding universal value as an example of innovative dry-stone walling techniques and its evidence of extensive international trade networks.
Quick Facts
| Location | 22 km west of Bulawayo, Matabeleland North |
| UNESCO Status | World Heritage Site (1986) |
| Period | c. 1450-1683 AD |
| Kingdom | Torwa Dynasty (Butua State) |
| Size | Approximately 2 km² |
| Entry Fee | $10 USD |
| Hours | 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM daily |
History
Rise of the Torwa Dynasty
After the decline of Great Zimbabwe around 1450 AD, power shifted westward. The Torwa dynasty established Khami as the capital of what became known as the Butua State. Unlike Great Zimbabwe which was built on flat ground, Khami’s builders chose to construct on natural granite hills, incorporating the landscape into their architecture.Architectural Innovation
Khami represents an evolution in building techniques:- Terracing - Walls built as retaining structures for artificial platforms
- Decoration - Distinctive checkered, herringbone, and cord patterns
- Integration - Natural rock outcrops incorporated into structures
- Drainage - Sophisticated systems to manage water runoff
International Trade
Archaeological evidence reveals extensive trade networks:- Chinese porcelain from the Ming Dynasty
- Spanish coins and trade goods
- German beads from European traders
- Gold objects and copper ingots
- Portuguese trade items suggesting contact with explorers
Decline
Khami was destroyed by fire around 1683 during conflicts with the Rozvi dynasty under Changamire Dombo. The Rozvi subsequently established their capital at Danangombe (Dhlo Dhlo).What to See
The Hill Complex (Royal Area)
The most impressive part of Khami, situated on a granite kopje overlooking the Khami River. This was likely the residence of the ruler. Highlights:- Precipice Ruin - The highest point with panoramic views
- Passage Ruin - Features a narrow stone-lined passage
- Platform 1 - Largest terrace with decorated walls up to 6 meters high
- Checkered Wall - Distinctive black and white decoration pattern
Cross Ruin
Named after a small iron cross discovered here, possibly of Portuguese origin. This area shows evidence of:- European trade goods
- Gold-working activities
- Possible religious significance
The Museum
A small but informative on-site museum displays:- Archaeological artifacts from excavations
- Pottery and ceramic finds
- Metal objects including gold
- Imported trade items
- Information panels on Khami’s history
Natural Setting
The ruins are set in beautiful natural surroundings:- Granite kopjes covered in vegetation
- Views over the Khami River valley
- Rich birdlife and occasional wildlife
- Ancient baobab trees
Comparing Khami to Great Zimbabwe
| Feature | Great Zimbabwe | Khami |
|---|---|---|
| Period | 1100-1450 AD | 1450-1683 AD |
| Style | Free-standing walls | Terraced platforms |
| Decoration | Plain (except chevron) | Elaborate patterns |
| Terrain | Flat valley | Natural hills |
| Purpose | Royal + trade center | Royal capital |
| Size | Larger complex | Smaller, more compact |
Visiting Khami Ruins
Getting There
From Bulawayo (22 km):- Head west on the Old Khami Road
- Turn right at the signposted junction
- Continue to the entrance gate
- Drive time: approximately 30 minutes
What to Bring
- Comfortable walking shoes (uneven terrain)
- Sun protection (hat, sunscreen)
- Water
- Camera
- Binoculars for birdwatching
Visitor Tips
- Allow 2-3 hours for a thorough visit
- Hire a local guide at the entrance for deeper insights
- Start at the museum to understand the site’s context
- The Hill Complex involves climbing - moderate fitness required
- No food available on site - bring snacks if needed
Practical Information
Entry Fees
| Visitor Type | Fee (USD) |
|---|---|
| International Adults | $10 |
| International Children | $5 |
| SADC Adults | $5 |
| SADC Children | $3 |
| Zimbabwean Adults | $2 |
| Zimbabwean Children | $1 |
Facilities
- ✅ Parking
- ✅ Toilets
- ✅ On-site museum
- ✅ Guides available
- ❌ No restaurant (bring own refreshments)
- ❌ Limited wheelchair access
Contact
National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe- Phone: +263 29 226 2046
- Website: www.nmmz.co.zw
Nearby Attractions
Bulawayo
Zimbabwe’s second city with colonial architecture and museums
Matobo Hills
Dramatic granite formations and world-class rock art (45 km)
Natural History Museum
One of the best museums in southern Africa (in Bulawayo)
Chipangali Wildlife Orphanage
Wildlife sanctuary and rehabilitation center (25 km)
Suggested Itinerary: Bulawayo Heritage Circuit
Day 1: Bulawayo City- Morning: Natural History Museum
- Afternoon: Railway Museum & city tour
- Evening: Dinner in the suburbs
- Morning: Explore Khami (2-3 hours)
- Afternoon: Drive to Matobo Hills
- Evening: Sunset at World’s View
- Morning: Rock art sites (Nswatugi, Pomongwe)
- Afternoon: Rhino tracking or game drive
- Evening: Return to Bulawayo
Conservation
Khami Ruins is protected under Zimbabwean law and managed by the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe (NMMZ). Visitors can support preservation by:- Staying on designated paths
- Not climbing on walls or structures
- Not removing any artifacts or stones
- Reporting any damage to site staff
- Paying entry fees (funds conservation)